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Types of Organizational Businesses

There are following three types of Businesses.
1. Sole Proprietorship
2. Partnerships
3. Corporations


Types of Businesses
1-     Sole Proprietorship
A sole proprietorship is a business owned by one person who operates it for his or her own profit. About 75 percent of all business firms are sole proprietorship. The typical sole proprietorship is a small business, such as a bike shop, personal-trainer, or plumber. The majority of sole proprietorship are found in the wholesale,retail, service, and construction industries.
Typically, the proprietor, along with a few employees, operates the proprietorship.He or she normally raises capital from personal resources or by borrowing and is responsible for all business decisions. The sole proprietor has unlimited-liability; his or her total wealth, not merely the amount originally invested, can betaken to satisfy creditors.
کاروبار کی جو پہلی قسم ہے اس کو ہم واحد ملکیتی کاروبار کا نام دیتے ہیں۔ اسطرح کے کاروبار میں صرف ایک شخص کاروبار کا مالک ہوتا ہے اور وہی کاروبارکے نفع و نقصان کا ذمہ دار ہوتا ہے۔ واحد ملکیتی کاروبار میں مالک کی ذمہ داری لامحدود ہوتی ہے یعنی نقصان کی صورت میں اس کی ذاتی جائیداد فروخت کر کے مالک کا قرضہ ادا کیا جا سکتا ہے۔ اس کے فائدے اور نقصانات منددجہ ذیل ہیں۔
Strength / Benefits of sole Proprietorship
                                                      Owner receives all profits and sustains all losses
                                                       Low organizational costs
                             Single Tax Systems i.e. owner pay only one time tax on his income.
                             Owner is independent in decision making
                                                      Level of secrecy is high
                             Ease of Dissolution
Weaknesses / drawbacks of sole Proprietorship
                 Owner has unlimited liability (total wealth can be taken to satisfy debts)
                 Limited fund raising powers
                                                   Limited business growth due to limited / small amount of  capital
                            Limited Life of the business i.e. business dissolved when owner dies.
2-     Partnerships
A partnership consists of two or more owners doing business together for profit.Partnerships account for about 10 percent of all businesses, and they are typically-larger than sole proprietorship. Finance, insurance, and real estate firms are the most common types of partnership. Most partnerships are established by a written contract known as articles of partnership. In a general (or regular) partnership, all partners have unlimited liability,and each partner is legally liable for all of the debts of the partnership.
کاروبار کی دوسری قسم شراکت داری ہے۔ ایسا کاروبار جس میں ایک سے زائد اشخاص کاروبار کے مالک ہوتے ہیں۔ یہ تمام اشخاص مل کر کاروبار کرتے ہیں اور نفع و نقصان آپس میں تقسیم کرتے ہیں۔ اس کی مثال، انشورنس کمپنیز، کالجز، ہاسپٹلزز اور بڑے بڑے شاپنگ مالز ہیں۔ واحد ملکیتی کاروبار کی طرح اس کاروبار میں بھی اونرز کی ذمہ داری unlimited ہوتی ہے اور نقصان کی صورت میں ان کی ذاتی جائیداد بھی فروخت ہو سکتی ہے تا کہ لوگوں کا قرض ادا ہو سکے۔ اس کے فائدے اور نقصانات مندرجہ ذیل ہیں۔
Strength / Benefits of Partnership
                                              Can raise more funds than sole proprietorship            
                                            Borrowing power enhanced by more owners
                                              More managerial skills and expertise
                                              Income included and taxed on partners tax return

Weaknesses / drawback of Partnership
                                            Owners have unlimited liability and may have to cover debts of other partners.
                                            Partnerships is dissolved when a partner dies.
                                            Difficult to liquidate or transfer partnership
3-     Corporations
A corporation is a legal entity created by individuals, stockholders, or shareholders, with the purpose of operating for profit. Often called a “legal entity,” a corporation has the powers of an individual in that it can sue and be sued, makeand be party to contracts, and acquire property in its own name. Although only about 15 percent of all businesses are incorporated, the corporation is the dominant form of business organization in terms of receipts and profits. It accounts for nearly 90 percent of business receipts and 80 percent of net profits. Although corporations are involved in all types of businesses, manufacturing corporations account for the largest portion of corporate business receipts and net profits.
کاروبار کی تیسری قسم  کارپوریشن کہلاتی ہے۔  اس کاروبار کو قانونی حثییت حاصل ہوتی ہے۔  لوگ اس کے خلاف قانونی کاروائی بھی کر سکتے ہیں اور یہ لوگوں کے خلاف قانونی کاروائی کر سکتی ہے۔ یہ کاروبار عموما کمپنیز آرڈیننس 1982 کے تحت چلایا جاتا ہے۔ اس کو قائم کرنا پہلے دو قسم کے کاروبار سے مشکل ہو تا ہے اور بہت سے لیگل documents کے ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔  اور اس کے شراکت دار وں کے ذمہ داری ان کے لگائے گئے سرمایہ تک محدود ہوتی ہے۔ نقصان کی صورت میں فرم کے اثاثہ جات فروخت کر کے بنک اور دیگر مالیاتی اداروں کو ادائیگیاں کی جاتی ہیں۔ اس کے نقصانات اور فوائد مندرجہ ذیل ہیں۔
Strength / Benefits of Corporation
Owners have limited liability, which guarantees that they cannot lose more than they invested.
Unlimited Life
Can achieve large size via sale of stock
Ownership is readily transferable.
 It has long life
Can hire professional managers
Has better access to financing
Receives certain tax advantages.
Weaknesses / drawback of Corporation
                     Taxes generally higher, because corporation income is taxed, and dividends paid to owners are also taxed.
                     More expensive to organize than other business forms
                     Subject to greater government regulations.
                     Lack of secrecy, because stockholders must receive financial reports.
کارپوریشنز کا بنیادی مقصد increase in shareholders wealth ہوتا ہے اور یہ ایسا کاروبار کرتی ہیں جن سے حصہ داروں کو زیادہ منافع حاصل ہو۔
The main purpose / objectives of the corporation is maximization of shareholders wealth

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